Mpox: A Comprehensive Overview for Health Professionals

Summary

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the mpox virus. It can cause a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. While it is related to the virus that causes smallpox, it is less severe.

Transmission

Mpox is spread through close contact with an infected person, including through sexual contact. It can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces or materials.

Common transmission routes:

• Close contact with an infected person
• Sexual contact
• Contact with contaminated surfaces or materials

Symptoms

Typical symptoms of mpox include:

• Rash
• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes

The rash typically starts as flat, round spots that progress to raised, fluid-filled bumps. The bumps eventually crust over and fall off.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Mpox is diagnosed through a physical examination and laboratory tests. Treatment is primarily supportive, with medications to relieve symptoms and antibiotics to prevent infections. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention

There are several ways to reduce the risk of mpox infection, including:

Preventive measures:

• Avoid close contact with infected individuals
• Practice safe sex
• Wash hands frequently
• Get vaccinated if eligible

A vaccine is available to prevent mpox infection. It is recommended for people who are at high risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers and individuals who have multiple sexual partners.

Global Outbreak

In 2022, an outbreak of mpox occurred in several countries, including Spain, which had the highest number of cases in Europe. The outbreak has since been contained, but mpox continues to circulate in certain regions.

Additional Resources

For more information on mpox, refer to the following resources:

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)